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bioRxiv Neuroscience

@biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

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bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 6mo ago

The astrocyte clock controls circadian perineuronal net remodeling, synapse strength and learning behavior https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.04.716486v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

The astrocyte clock controls circadian perineuronal net remodeling, synapse strength and learning behavior

The circadian clock controls a vast array of cellular and organismal functions, from the molecular scale to behavior. While each cell is regimented by a cell-autonomous clock, few studies in the brain have dissected the circuit and behavioral contributions of cell-specific clocks. Relatedly, astrocytes are now known to play key roles in regulating synaptic function, circuit activity and behavior, but whether these functions are guided by astrocyte-autonomous clocks is unknown. Here, we report th

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 6mo ago

Sharp wave-ripple clusters enhance hippocampal-neocortical engagement for memory consolidation https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714843v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Sharp wave-ripple clusters enhance hippocampal-neocortical engagement for memory consolidation

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs), neocortical slow oscillations, and thalamocortical sleep spindles are hypothesized to provide a temporal framework for coordinated information transfer during memory consolidation. Hippocampal replay supports this process, yet replayed sequences often unfold across multiple SPW-Rs, suggesting that individual ripples may not constitute the fundamental unit of hippocampal output. Here, using large-scale electrophysiological recordings from the hippocampus a

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Habit and the hippocampus: Model-based spatial representations without outcome-sensitive control https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710211v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Habit and the hippocampus: Model-based spatial representations without outcome-sensitive control

The hippocampus encodes cognitive maps that support goal-directed navigation. Hippocampal neurons can encode future states and trajectories, and disruption of the hippocampus can impair sensitivity to outcome revaluation when decisions depend on spatial or contextual memory, suggesting a link between hippocampal model-based representations and value-sensitive control. However, few studies have investigated whether hippocampal representations can support habitual, outcome-insensitive action selec

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 6mo ago

Dynamic cortical routing mediates temporal attention https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716160v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Dynamic cortical routing mediates temporal attention

Selecting information from dynamic streams requires mechanisms that prioritize a visual stimulus at a specific moment over preceding and subsequent stimuli at the same location. Whereas selective temporal attention has been found to enhance neural responses to stimuli, its impact on communication between brain regions remains unexplored. Here, we investigated whether prioritizing a stimulus at a specific time is achieved through selective routing of stimulus information across cortical networks

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Differential cortical and thalamic engagement of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens core https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710127v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Differential cortical and thalamic engagement of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens core

Cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a key role in regulating motivated behaviors. Here we examine the connectivity and functional impact of cortical and thalamic inputs onto CINs in the NAc core. We first use cell-type specific retrograde anatomy to identify the prefrontal cortex and thalamus as putative afferents. We then combine ex vivo slice physiology and optogenetics to characterize the properties of synapses onto CINs. We demonstrate that thalamic inputs str

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Ultrastructural preservation of a whole large mammal brain with a protocol compatible with human physician-assisted death https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709724v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Ultrastructural preservation of a whole large mammal brain with a protocol compatible with human physician-assisted death

Building a high-fidelity computational model of the whole human brain will require preservation of the ultrastructure at the level of the entire organ, post-mortem. For such a model to reflect as closely as possible the brain in the living state, artifacts that arise during both the agonal phase and the postmortem interval will need to be minimized. This is potentially feasible if a terminally-ill patient donates their brain for research following physician-assisted death. In this paper, we modi

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Neurocognitive deficits in controlling aversive memory among insomnia disorders https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709020v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Neurocognitive deficits in controlling aversive memory among insomnia disorders

Background Insomnia disorder is a common sleep disturbance characterized by adverse daytime cognitive and emotional impairments, such as repetitive negative thinking and increased psychological distress. Memory control, a key self-regulatory ability to control or inhibit unwanted thoughts and memories, plays an essential role in supporting cognitive functions and emotional well-being. Here, we delineate the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying memory control among individuals with insomnia. Met

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Modeling Multi-Modal Brain Connectomes for Brain Disorder Diagnosis via Graph Diffusion Optimal Transport Network https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709693v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Modeling Multi-Modal Brain Connectomes for Brain Disorder Diagnosis via Graph Diffusion Optimal Transport Network

Network analysis of human brain connectivity provides a fundamental framework for identifying the neurobiological mechanisms that cause cognitive variations and neurological disorders. However, existing diagnostic models often treat structural connectivity (SC) as a fixed or optimal topological scaffold for functional connectivity (FC). This consequently overlooks the higher-order dependencies between brain regions that are critical for characterizing pathological alterations. Moreover, the dist

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Positive Affect Modulates Early Valuation and Conflict Processing in Social Decision-Making https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709732v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Positive Affect Modulates Early Valuation and Conflict Processing in Social Decision-Making

Social decision-making relies on dynamic affect–cognition interactions across distributed brain networks, yet how incidental positive affect modulates these mechanisms at a millisecond timescale remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of music-induced positive emotion on the neural dynamics of decision-making in the Ultimatum Game. Fifty-six participants were assigned to either a happy music group or an active control (rain sound) group. Fifty-six participants were assigned to either

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Early Binding of Anti-Amyloid Antibodies to CAA Drives Complement Activation, Inflammation and ARIA in Mice https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709591v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Early Binding of Anti-Amyloid Antibodies to CAA Drives Complement Activation, Inflammation and ARIA in Mice

Anti-amyloid antibody treatment for Alzheimer’s disease is linked to Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA), including vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and microhemorrhages (ARIA-H), especially in ApoE ε4/4 carriers. To investigate mechanisms underlying ARIA, we examined the binding and temporal vascular effects of immunization with 3D6, the precursor to the anti-amyloid antibody bapineuzumab, in two aged Alzheimer’s disease amyloid mouse models. Acutely, 3D6 bound to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Enteric sensory neurons for nutrient detection and gut motility https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709708v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Enteric sensory neurons for nutrient detection and gut motility

The enteric nervous system (ENS) orchestrates gastrointestinal reflexes and brain-gut communication via molecularly diverse neurons. Among these, intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) are essential for detecting luminal nutrients and irritants, yet their molecular identities, sensory properties, and functions remain poorly resolved. Here, we establish a segment-resolved single-cell atlas of the murine ENS, including a comprehensive characterization of the gastric ENS. This resource defines

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Can grid cells produce hexadirectional signals? https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709667v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Can grid cells produce hexadirectional signals?

Hexadirectional analysis is widely used to infer population-level grid cell activity in humans, yet this signature has not been reproduced in rodent electrophysiology, where grid cells are best characterized. Moreover, it remains unclear how grid cell populations could generate such a signal. We address this issue theoretically and empirically by evaluating three prevailing hypotheses and the null model, while critically examining the analysis framework itself. We show that the standard approach

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

A Novel Rapidly Manufacturable Flexible Subdural Electrode Array for Intraoperative Mapping of Cortical Activity https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709791v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

A Novel Rapidly Manufacturable Flexible Subdural Electrode Array for Intraoperative Mapping of Cortical Activity

Flexible and biocompatible neurointerfaces are crucial elements for intraoperative monitoring and chronic neural recordings. However, existing fabrication methods often involve complex cleanroom processes, limiting rapid prototyping and customization. In this study, we present a fast, low-cost method for manufacturing a flexible subdural electrode array based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gold conductive layer. The fabrication process utilizes a laser cutter for both mask generation and dir

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Xylazine's k-opioid agonist activity is not shared with other FDA-approved alpha2-adrenergic agonists https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709652v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Xylazine’s κ opioid agonist activity is not shared with other FDA-approved α2-adrenergic agonists

Xylazine is a α2-adrenergic agonist typically used in as a sedative and analgesic in veterinary medicine. For some years, xylazine has been reported as an additive to fentanyl on the illicit drug market and has been associated with severe side-effects including severe ulcerations and potential amputations at the sites of injection along with an increased risk of respiratory depression and death. We recently reported that xylazine has modest κ opioid agonist activity in vitro and in vivo and aske

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Distinct beta burst motifs exhibit opposing error relationships during motor adaptation https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710026v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Distinct beta burst motifs exhibit opposing error relationships during motor adaptation

Beta-band activity (13-30 Hz) is a hallmark of human movement, yet a unifying account of its functional role remains unresolved. Although typically described as a sustained oscillation, beta activity is increasingly recognised to consist of transient bursts. More recently, beta bursts have been shown to exhibit heterogeneous waveforms. Here, we ask whether variability in burst shape corresponds to separable computational roles during motor adaptation. Using high-density MEG, we recorded neural a

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Decoding Phonetic Features: Somatotopic and Sensorimotor Representations in Native and Non-native Consonant Perception https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.709780v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Decoding Phonetic Features: Somatotopic and Sensorimotor Representations in Native and Non-native Consonant Perception

Speech perception relies on the integration of auditory and articulatory information, yet the precise role of motor regions remains debated. Cross-linguistic approaches and challenging listening situations can help fill this gap. We combined behavioral measures and fMRI with multivariate pattern analyses to investigate cortical representations of native French and non-native Mandarin consonant perception under clear and noisy conditions. Cross-modal classification analysis showed that articulato

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Linking cross-species trajectories of cerebrovascular remodeling in aging and Alzheimer's disease to brain vessel transcriptome https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710077v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Linking cross-species trajectories of cerebrovascular remodeling in aging and Alzheimer’s disease to brain vessel transcriptome

Cerebrovascular remodeling driven by subtle molecular changes starts early in the asymptomatic stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite progress in human vascular imaging and postmortem tissue analysis, there is limited data on the early features of small vessel reorganization, particularly in the context of cell-specific molecular drivers. This is largely because of the invasive nature of the tools for direct cellular observation and analysis. Since early detection is key, histopathology fall

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

A normative reference for large-scale human brain dynamics across the lifespan https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710057v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

A normative reference for large-scale human brain dynamics across the lifespan

Human brain function emerges from dynamic reconfigurations of large-scale neural networks. While population-level reference charts have transformed the study of static brain structure and connectivity, an equivalent normative framework for intrinsic brain dynamics has been lacking. This gap has limited our ability to characterize individual variability, development, ageing, and mental health conditions at scale. Here, we establish a population-level normative reference for large-scale human brai

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Rapid Orthographic and Delayed Phonological Processing: ERP and Oscillatory Evidence from Masked Priming in Korean https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709970v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Rapid Orthographic and Delayed Phonological Processing: ERP and Oscillatory Evidence from Masked Priming in Korean

A central question in visual word recognition concerns whether orthographic and phonological codes are coordinated sequentially or in parallel during lexical access. Korean Hangul, an alpha-syllabic writing system with morphophonemic spelling principles, allows independent manipulation of orthographic and phonological syllable overlap within a single experimental design. In a masked priming lexical decision task with EEG, we contrasted orthographically identical primes (e.g., 식-식량), phonological

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors regulate dentate gyrus function by facilitating granule cell activity and mediating synaptic plasticity https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710109v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors regulate dentate gyrus function by facilitating granule cell activity and mediating synaptic plasticity

N-Methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are crucial for synaptic transmission, long-term plasticity, neuronal activity, and cognition. Consistent with these functions, NMDAR dysfunction is linked to several brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, autism, schizophrenia, and depression. NMDARs are tetrameric complexes composed of two essential GluN1 subunits and two distinct GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D) that define their functional characteristics. Although the roles of G

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Evolutionarily conserved neural dynamics across mice, monkeys, and humans https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.709637v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Evolutionarily conserved neural dynamics across mice, monkeys, and humans

On evolutionary timescales, brain circuits adapt to support survival in each species’ ecological niche. While some anatomical aspects of neural circuitry are conserved across species with distant evolutionary origins, each species also exhibits specific circuit adaptations that enable its behavioral repertoire. It remains unclear whether homologous brain regions leverage analogous neural computations as different species perform common behaviors such as reaching and manipulating objects. Here, w

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Extracellular neuroligin-ICAM5 coupling drives dendritic growth via actin remodeling https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.709873v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Extracellular neuroligin–ICAM5 coupling drives dendritic growth via actin remodeling

Neuroligins (NLGNs) organize neuronal connectivity by engaging a diverse set of interaction partners, yet how extracellular recognition couples to intracellular growth programs remains unclear. Using affinity proteomics, we identify intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (ICAM5), a cell-surface protein localized to dendritic filopodia, as a novel neuroligin interactor. Surface plasmon resonance and cell-based assays demonstrate direct binding between the ICAM5 and NLGN3 extracellular domains and reve

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Neural microstates underlying categorical speech perception using Bayesian nonparametrics https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710122v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Neural microstates underlying categorical speech perception using Bayesian non-parametrics

Categorical perception (CP) reflects the human auditory system’s ability to map continuous acoustic signals onto discrete categories. Understanding the relationship between neural dynamics and perceptual decisions is central to speech–language processing. Here, we implemented a data-driven approach using Bayesian nonparametrics and machine learning to characterize the relationship between auditory cortical responses and speech categorization behaviors. By applying a hierarchical Dirichlet proces

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Altered striatal long-term potentiation in the eIF4E- TG ASD mouse model https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709616v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Altered striatal long-term potentiation in the eIF4E- TG ASD mouse model

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity across brain regions. While striatal dysfunction is observed in various mouse models of ASD, the effect of ASD-associated genes on striatal plasticity has not been well characterised. We previously showed that overexpression of the SFARI ASD risk gene eIF4E in transgenic (eIF4E-TG) mice produces ASD-like behaviours and impairs dorsal striatal dopamine release. Here, we examined whether eIF4E overexpression alters s

bioRxiv Neuroscience @biorxiv_neursci@biologists.social

· 7mo ago

Learned and inferred valence arise from interactions between stable and dynamic subnetworks https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.08.710406v1?med=mas

bioRxiv

Learned and inferred valence arise from interactions between stable and dynamic subnetworks

Adaptive behavior requires assigning emotional value to sensory cues and inferring valence for novel stimuli to guide appropriate generalization. The prelimbic cortex (PL) is critical for threat expression and discrimination, yet its neuronal ensembles undergo pronounced turnover over time. How stable memory representations emerge from such network dynamism—and how they support inference to previously unexperienced stimuli—remains unresolved and central to debates on systems consolidation and th