"Programmers are therefore something of an anomaly: they are employees, but they are in a position to control how they will go about doing their programs—the final product—as well as the form the final product will take. Not surprisingly, managers and employers find this an intolerable situation. It is intolerable not because employee workplace control is less efficient but because employee control of the workplace threatens managerial authority. In this sort of situation, managers and employers will accept even a certain amount of inefficiency in order to re-enforce or preserve their dominance of the programming work activity." from a 1974 article - another example of how nothing changes... https://archive.scienceforthepeople.org/vol-6/v6n4/pushing-professionalism/