2/2 Here the histogram: num #instances #bytes class name (module) ------------------------------------------------------- 1: 1 800000016 [LId; 2: 8841 356272 [B (java.base@28-ea) 3: 1732 229232 java.lang.Class (java.base@28-ea) * No individual Id objects * A flat array of Id objects * Why 8 bytes per element? * Each Id is 4 bytes * Another byte for a nullness indicator * And 3 bytes padding Valhalla has arrived