A study showed that nuclear power plants were associated with higher incidence of cancer. But there was no control group, and no physical model to explain it. By reproducing the study, researchers showed that the statistical methods used led to higher cancer incidence around any landmark, including supermarkets and sports fields: https://www.breakthroughjournal.org/p/things-that-apparently-cause-cancer The importance of having a proper hypothesis, causal model, and controls...